India

__**India **__

How did Islam spread?:

o 711 the first intrusions of Muslims peaceful contact in trading. o Muhammad ibn Qasim campaign to avenge with the destruction of Arab traders’ ship. From there on, he declared the region from the Indus valley to the northeast, provinces of the Umayyad empire o Conquered and re-conquered these areas o Mahmud of Ghazni lead series of expeditions for 2 centuries of raids in north India o Muhammad of Ghur and Qutb-ud-din Aibak (figure 1) to expand and control Islam
 * __Muslim invaders,they were forceful__
 * Spirtual masters, Sufis and merchants were peacfully, human, and __gently converted with missionaries__.
 * Muslim rulers controlled India for around 800 years
 * __Leaders future expanded the control of Islam in India__.

Growth of Trade within the Islamic world: · __Trading__ with Muslim merchants __promoted__ Hindis to take positions like bureaucracies administrator and soldier in armies

Urbanization and Islam: __Culture of Islam spread and influenced to India __
 * Discoveries and skills traded math and astrology In civilized centers
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Indian dress and hairstyles, Indian food and rode elephants like Hindu kings
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Delhi was Muslim’s new capital
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Mosques became the central of regional political power
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Sufi mystics became objects of veneration
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Buddhist, lower class, and untouchables most converted
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Prompted intermarriages and grew Islamic communities
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Muslim princes adopted Hindu beliefs
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Large Muslim population in India
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Islamic law protected/ safeguarded covnanted person, non-Mulims. These laws didn't require them to convert to Islam.

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Architecture throughout the Islamic world: __<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Adopted Indian style and artistic motifs in builds __
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">With buildings like the Taj mahal (figure 2) from Mughal architecture of amalgam Islamic, persian, and Indian architecture developed by the Mughals and 16th and 17th centuries.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Humayun's tomb also from the Mughal emperor Humayun in 1562 CE.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Gol Gumbaz build from sunni Islamic, Mahammed Adil Shah, in 1627

<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Examples of Syncretism and Islam:
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Local official were Muslims but __respected__ to status and privileges of the __Brahman caste__
 * __<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Gender inequalities __

Reactions to Islam: __<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Islam was mostly seen as threat to Hinduism __
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">In was rigid for Indian, mostly Hindus to except in because in was every different from Hinduism and the caste systems
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Local leaders and people promoted it since it promised lighter taxation and greater religious tolerance
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Indians wanted more of an emphasize of gods and goddess, Shiva, saw it as a danger of each other faith



Sources:The gobal civilization fifth edition, book []